Magadi Kempe Gowda founded this Bangalore City, during
1537, i.e., approximately around 480 years ago, but at that time itself, said
Sri Kempe Gowda had a long vision on the growth of this City, as a result huge
towers were built on all the four corners of the City. These towers are located
at Mekhri Circle, Ulsoor Tank, Lalbagh (near Wilson Garden) and Gavipuram
Guttahalli. However, in the days to
come, the City has over passed these limits long long ago, in its speedy growth
on all directions. This City due to its
ever stopping growth was the Capital of the erstwhile ‘Mysore State’ and later
on as the Capital of the ‘larger Karnataka state’.
During the 19th Century, the Britishers established the
Cantonment area of the City, as one of their ‘Army’ headquarters. The City Municipality was constituted in
1862; while the City was upgraded to Corporation during 1949, vide Bangalore
Municipal Corporation Act, 1949.
Subsequently, the City Municipal Area and the Cantonment area were
merged to firm a single local administration and accordingly the Bangalore City
Corporation came into existence.
However, during the re-organisation of States in 1956,
area of the State became double; and this factor contributed to the speedy
growth of the City. The other factors responsible for the growth of the City
can be attributed to its salubrious climate, good highways, railways and air
connections, and existence of several public sector undertakings and heavy
industries. Due existence of several
large public sector undertakings, ancillary industries providing services to
these heavy industries also came into existence.
During the period from 1901 to 2011, the population of
Bangalore city increased from 2.28 lakhs (during 1901) to around 84.44 lakhs
(as of 2011). The rate of growth of population in the city was about 77%
between the period 1971 to 1981, which was the highest in South-East Asia.
Taking into consideration the requirement, the Building regulations were
liberalized by increasing the floor area ratio (F.A.R.) up to 3.50 in Bangalore
City, resulting which many high rise buildings besides large number of
apartments and commercial complexes came into existence in Bangalore city; and
thus the Real Estate Industry has earned its own place in Bangalore with local
and outside builders and developers settling in Bangalore.
Towards the step in right direction, and taking into
consideration the need for a formal Planning authority, the City Improvement
Trust Board (C.I.T.B.) was constituted in 1945 under the City of: Bangalore
Improvement Trust Board Act, 1945. The Government Architect and later the
Director of Town Planning were the members of the Board, who were the
authorities for planning the extensions on a piece meal basis in between two
built up areas or in continuation of an existing built up area. The C.I.T.B. did good work in forming most of
the city extensions such as: Jayanagar, Rajajinagar, Indiranagar, Vijayanagar,
Basaveshwaranagar, Mahalakshmi Layout, Koramangala etc.
Earlier to it, the planning was done in piece meal by
the Municipality whenever an extension was proposed. Extensions such as: Chamarajapet,
Visveswarapuram, Basavanagudi, Malleshwaram, Gandhinagar, etc., in the City
area were formed by the City Municipality.
While the Frazer Town, Cox Town, Cooke Town, Richards Town, Langford
Town were formed in the Cantonment area.
Later, during 1951, the Bangalore Development Committee
was constituted by the Government under the Chairmanship of Sri N. Madhava Rau,
former Dewan of Mysore State, to work out a Master Plan for Bangalore. The Plan
prepared by this Committee was implemented by the C.I.T.B. for proposing
extensions.
Subsequently, during early 1960’s the Government
constituted the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Board (B.M.P.B.) again under
the Chairmanship of Sri N. Madhava Rau,
to prepare a Development Plan for the Metropolitan area of Bangalore. Metropolitan area, is the influence area of
the city for planned development of the city and its suburbs. Representatives
of various agencies were members of the Board.
The Board prepared an Outline Development Plan (O.D.P.) of Bangalore
Metropolitan area during 1965. This plan is implemented by the City Improvement
Trust Board.
During the period from 1901 to 2011, the growth of area
of Bangalore city increased from 20.48 Sq. KMs (during 1897) to around 712.54
Sq. KMs (as of 2011).
While so, there were efforts at the National level to
introduce Town and Country Planning Legislation in all the States for the
planned development of urban areas. In line
with this, the Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 was enacted which came into
force from 15.01.1965. Accordingly, the
Bangalore City Planning Authority was constituted under this Act and this has
succeeded the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Board for planning functions in
Bangalore. The City Planning Authority
adopted the Outline Development Plan prepared by the B.M.P.B., and continued
the planning functions. The Government
finally approved the O.D.P. on 22/05/1972.
Subsequently, the Bangalore Development Authority Act,
1976 was enacted with effect from 20/12/1975 to combine the planning functions
of the C.I.T.B., on the lines of the Delhi Development Authority. The Bangalore Development Authority was
constituted w.e.f. 15/11/1976. There was much expectation about the work of
Bangalore Development Authority since it combined both the planning as well as
development functions, but the citizens of Bangalore were disappointed as the
Bangalore Development Authority could not able to achieve any progress which
was mainly due to the problems created by the enactment of Urban Land Ceiling
and Regulations Act, 1976. During these
years the problems of the City increased without formation of any new layouts. The land values increased and the outmoded
acquisition procedure was not effective.
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